Jet fuel is a specialized type specifically designed for jet engines, commonly used in aircraft such as airplanes and some helicopters. Jet fuel is a highly refined and carefully formulated petroleum product that meets strict specifications to ensure jet engines’ safe and efficient operation.

There are several types of jet fuel, with Jet A and Jet A-1 being among the most commonly used. Jet A is primarily used in the United States, while Jet A-1 is more common internationally. These fuels are kerosene-based and have relatively high energy densities, which makes them suitable for aviation applications.

Jet fuel needs to meet specific performance and safety standards, including:

  • High energy density: Jet fuel must provide a high amount of energy per unit of volume or weight to power jet engines efficiently and allow for long-distance flight.
  • Low freezing point: Jet fuel needs to remain in a liquid state at very low temperatures, as aircraft often operate at high altitudes where it can be freezing.
  • Low flash point: Jet fuel should have a high flash point, which doesn’t easily ignite at typical operating temperatures.
  • Stability: It must be stable over time and not break down or form harmful deposits that can clog fuel systems.
  • Low sulfur content: Modern jet fuels have low sulfur content to reduce emissions and environmental impact.
  • Consistency: Jet fuel must be consistent in composition and performance to be used safely and predictably in different aircraft and conditions.

Jet fuel is typically produced through a refining process that includes the distillation of crude oil followed by additional treatments and blending to meet the required specifications. Different regions and countries may have variations in their jet fuel formulations, but they all aim to ensure safe and efficient aviation operations.